Summary:
This proposal seeks to adjust the fee structure for Node Operators in the current Curated Module (CM or CMv1) of the protocol in light of (1) proposed changes that will be brought by Staking Router v3 and Curated Module v2 (see “Contributor Thoughts on the Future of Lido Core”), and (2) given increasing competition in the Ethereum staking market. In the current staking market (with some Node Operators offering fees as low as 1-3% of staking rewards) there is a clear need for the protocol to remain competitive while allowing for the funding of growth and decentralization initiatives. As such, it is proposed to adopt the following interim fee structure for the CM for three categories of operators: Standard, Client-Team, Extra Effort.
- Standard Tier: baseline fee set to 3.50%.
- Extra Effort Tier: baseline fee set to 4.00%
- Client-Team Tier: baseline fee set to 4.50%.
The overall Lido protocol fee of 10% of staking rewards would remain unchanged.
Background
As noted in the Future of Lido Core proposal, the Lido DAO has spent significant resources on continuing to decentralize and harden the protocol with new features such as permissionless staking via the Community Staking Module and novel mechanisms such as Dual Governance.
Given a staking market environment with increasing competition, including centralized exchange & single Node Operator share gains, changes to the Curated Module fee structure are essential for the Lido DAO to invest in growth and continue its investments in making staking simple, secure, and decentralized.
Importantly, these changes are intended as an interim measure until an upgraded version of the Curated Module (CMv2) is expected to be added to the protocol in 2026, which will add additional automation to the module including modifiable fee curves, bonding, automated performance monitoring, etc. For more information regarding CMv2, see the Future of Lido Core proposal or presentation on the Lido Poolside Community Call.
Proposal Details
It is proposed that three Tiers of Node Operators are introduced into CMv1: Standard Tier (which the majority of Node Operators will fall under), Extra Effort Tier, and Client Team Tier.
These tiers would receive the following fee share of staking rewards:
- Standard Tier: 3.50%
- Extra Effort Tier: 4.00%
- Client-Team Tier: 4.50%
As Node Operators fees are set at the module level due to a technical limitation in the current version of the Curated Module, the Curated Module fee to Node Operators would be set at 3.50%. In order for Extra Effort and Client Team Node Operators to receive their respective 0.50% and 1.00% of additional rewards, manual operations will be required to send these Node Operators the additional rewards via a manual “rebate” like system.
For Standard Tier operators, the rewards as a Lido Node Operator remain meaningful: at current ETH/USD prices (~ $3500), and the median level of stake across the curated operators, these NOs would receive ~ $812,000 of annual revenue from the Curated Module.
As a result of these changes, it is expected that the DAO’s share of rewards in the Curated Module will increase to over 6% from the current 5%. This would bolster the DAO’s treasury capacity while ensuring that the DAO can continue to make investment in growth initiatives and efforts to further the decentralization of the protocol.
It is also proposed that, in the event ETH/USD prices drastically fall in a significant and sustained manner, the DAO re-evaluate these proposed terms to ensure Node Operator validator operations related to Lido remains a sustainable business.
Node Operator Tier Assignment:
The Node Operator Mechanisms (NOM) workstream reviewed applications submitted by Curated Module Node Operators for the Extra Effort and Client-Team Tiers.
For the Extra Effort Tier, Node Operators were assessed based on a combination of factors including their historical contributions to EL & CL client, geographic, and infrastructure diversity of the Lido protocol, contributions to Lido governance and ETH inflows, as well as their overall Ethereum ecosystem contributions and public goods work. For example, the proposed operators scored highly on a combined set of factors including:
- Historical ETH inflows to the Lido protocol
- Participation in Lido DAO governance (holding & voting with material amounts of LDO & participation in community discussion)
- Contributions to the Lido protocol’s validator infrastructure decentralization (e.g. operating validators from Latin America & Africa, and utilizing minority EL & CL clients)
- Participation in Node Operator testing programs (e.g. DVT testnets, PERCH APM testing, etc)
Client-Team Tier operators are directly involved in mainnet Ethereum client development (Execution Layer, Beacon Chain Consensus Layer or Validator Client) or maintenance, serving as a resource to other Lido Node Operators, and play a key role in strengthening network level decentralization and client diversity.
Following the assessment process, the Node Operator Mechanisms workstream proposes the following tiers:
Extra Effort Tier: (5)
Chorus One
Launchnodes
P2P
SenseiNode
Stakely
Client Team Tier: (7)
Attestant (BVI) Limited (Vouch)
ChainSafe (Lodestar)
Consensys (Besu / Teku)
Develp (Nimbus)
Prysm Team at Offchain Labs (Prysm)
Sigma Prime (Lighthouse)
Twinstake (Nethermind)
Standard Tier: (24)
The other 24 Node Operators participating in the Curated Module
Next Steps
Another round of assessments are expected to be held in early-mid 2026, where Node Operators will have the ability to demonstrate their contributions to the protocol via stVaults.
With the implementation of CMv2, the upcoming Node Operator Types feature will make it possible to adjust the fee share for specific subsets of a Node Operator’s validators based on factors such as impact to decentralization, DVT usage, etc. More details of the proposed implementation are expected in the CMv2 landscape document. This will likely lead to some portion of Extra Effort Node Operators’ validators falling into a fee structure more similar to Standard Tier, and vice versa for some Standard Tier operators.
This proposal is suggested to be included for voting by LDO holders in the next Lido DAO Snapshot cycle. If approved by voters, it is suggested for inclusion and implementation in the December 2025 on-chain Aragon vote.